Computer Graphics using C Examples with Output

Python Programming Examples

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01. Program to demonstrate different number data types in Python

Python Code

''' Program to demonstrate different number data types '''
# Integers
x = 5
print("x = ", x)
print("The type of x", type(x))

# Floating-Point Numbers
y = 40.5
print("y = ", y)
print("The type of y", type(y))

# Complex Numbers
z = 1+5j
print("z = ", z)
print("The type of z", type(z))

Output

x =  5
The type of x <class 'int'>
y =  40.5
The type of y <class 'float'>
z =  (1+5j)
The type of z <class 'complex'>

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02. Program to perform different Arithmentic Operations on numbers

Python Code

''' Program to perform different Arithmentic Operations '''
# Taking Input
x = float(input("Enter First Number : "))
y = float(input("Enter Second Number : "))
print("x = ", x)
print("y = ", y)

# Addition (+)
print("1. Addition : ", x + y)

# Substraction (-)
print("2. Substraction : ", x - y)

# Multiplication (*)
print("3. Multiplication : ", x * y)

# Division (/)
print("4. Divide : ", x / y)

# Remainder (%)
print("5. Remainder : ", x % y)

# Exponent (**)
print("6. Exponent : ", x ** y)

# Floor Division (//)
print("7. Floor Division : ", x // y)

Output

Enter First Number : 5
Enter Second Number : 2
x =  5.0
y =  2.0
1. Addition :  7.0
2. Substraction :  3.0
3. Multiplication :  10.0
4. Divide :  2.5
5. Remainder :  1.0
6. Exponent :  25.0
7. Floor Division :  2.0

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03. Program to create, concatenate and print a string and accessing sub-string from a given string

Python Code

''' Program to Create, Concatenate and Print a String 
And Accessing Sub-String from given String '''
# Create Strings
str1 = input("Enter the First Name : ")
str2 = input("Enter the Last Name : ")

# Concatenate Strings
concatenated_str = str1  + str2

# Print String
print("Concatenated String : ", concatenated_str)

# Finding String
index1 = concatenated_str.find(str1) 
print("First Name found at : ", index1)
index2 = concatenated_str.find(str2)
print("Last Name found at : ", index2)

# Accessing a substring
subStr1 = concatenated_str[index1:index2]
subStr2 = concatenated_str[index2:]

# Print substrings
print("Extracted Substring 1 :", subStr1)
print("Extracted Substring 2 :", subStr2)

Output

Enter the First Name : Yash
Enter the Last Name : Choudhary
Concatenated String :  YashChoudhary
First Name found at :  0
Last Name found at :  4
Extracted Substring 1 : Yash
Extracted Substring 2 : Choudhary

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04. Program to print the current date in the format “Sun May 29 02:26:23 IST 2025”

Python Code

''' Program to print current date '''
from datetime import datetime

# Current Time
curr_time = datetime.now()

# Printing in the given format
time = curr_time.strftime('%a %b %d %H:%M:%S'+' IST '+ '%Y')
print(time)

Output

Sat Jan 11 22:48:30 IST 2025

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05. Program to create, append, and remove lists

Python Code

''' Program to create, append and remove list '''

# Creating Lists
List1 = [1, 'a', 'apple', 1.4, 1+4j]
List2 = [5, 6, 'grapes']
List3 = List1 + List2
print("List1 : ", List1)
print("List2 : ", List2)
print("List3 : ", List3)

# Initialize an empty list
List = []

while True:
choice = int(
    input(
        "\nEnter Choice: \n1. Create a New List\n"
        "2. Append an Element\n"
        "3. Remove an Element by Value\n"
        "4. Remove an Element by Index\n"
        "5. Display the List\n"
        "0. Exit\n=>"
    )
)

if choice == 1:
    # Create a new list
    elements = input("Enter elements separated by space: ").split()
    List = list(map(int, elements))
    print("New List: ", List)
elif choice == 2:
    # Append an Element
    element = int(input("Enter an Element: "))
    List.append(element)
    print(f"{element} appended to the list.")
elif choice == 3:
    # Remove an Element by Value
    try:
        value = int(input("Enter the value: "))
        List.remove(value)
        print(f"{value} removed from the list.")
    except ValueError:
        print("Value not found...")
elif choice == 4:
    # Remove an Element by Index
    try:
        index = int(input("Enter the index: "))
        removed_ele = List.pop(index)
        print(f"Element {removed_ele} removed from index {index}.")
    except IndexError:
        print("Invalid Index!!")
elif choice == 5:
    # Display the List
    print("List: ", List)
elif choice == 0:
    # Exit
    print("Exiting...")
    break
else:
    print("Invalid Choice!!!")

Output

List1 :  [1, 'a', 'apple', 1.4, (1+4j)]
List2 :  [5, 6, 'grapes']
List3 :  [1, 'a', 'apple', 1.4, (1+4j), 5, 6, 'grapes']

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>1
Enter elements separated by space: 1 2 3 4
New List:  [1, 2, 3, 4]

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>2
Enter an Element: 5
5 appended to the list.

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>3
Enter the value: 3
3 removed from the list.

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>4
Enter the index: 1 
Element 2 removed from index 1.

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>5
List:  [1, 4, 5]

Enter Choice:
1. Create a New List
2. Append an Element
3. Remove an Element by Value
4. Remove an Element by Index
5. Display the List
0. Exit
=>0
Exiting...

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06. Program to demonstrate working with tuples

Python Code

''' Working with tuples '''
# 1. Creating a Tuple
Tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
print("Tuple: ", Tuple)
# with the use of Strings
Tuple = ('Vijay', 'Vivek', 'Vikas')
print("Tuple with the use of Strings: ", Tuple)
# with the use of List
List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Tuple = tuple(List)
print("Tuple using List: ", Tuple)

# 2. Iterating Through a Tuple
print("Iterating through the Tuple: ")
for i in Tuple:
print(i, end =" ")
print()

# 3. Accessing Elements
print("First Element: ", Tuple[0])
print("Last Element: ", Tuple[-1])

# 4. Slicing a Tuple
print("Slice Tuple (index 1 to 3): ", Tuple[1:4])

# 5. Checking Membership
print("Is 3 in the tuple? ", 3 in Tuple)
print("Is 10 in the tuple? ", 10 in Tuple)

# 6. Tuple Length
print("Length of the Tuple: ", len(Tuple))

# 7. Tuple Index
print("Index of element 3: ", Tuple.index(3))

# 8. Unpacking Tuples
a, b, c, d, e, f = Tuple
print("Unpacked Values: ", a, b, c, d, e, f)

# 9. Immutable Nature
try:
Tuple[0] = 10
except TypeError:
print("Error: Tuples are immutable!")

# 10. Concatenating Tuples
new_Tuple = Tuple + (6, 7, 8)
print("Concatenated Tuple: ", new_Tuple)
print("Count of element 6: ", new_Tuple.count(6))   # counts the repeatation of 6

# 11. Repeating Tuples
rep_Tuple = Tuple * 2
print("Repeated Tuple: ", rep_Tuple)

# 12. Nested Tuples
nested_tuple = (1, (2, 3), (4, 5, 6))
print("Nested Tuple: ", nested_tuple)
print("Access Nested Element (4):", nested_tuple[2][0])

# 13. Tuple with Different Types
mix_Tuple = (10, "Python", 3.14, True)
print("Mixed Tuple: ", mix_Tuple)

Output

Tuple:  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Tuple with the use of Strings:  ('Vijay', 'Vivek', 'Vikas')
Tuple using List:  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Iterating through the Tuple:
1 2 3 4 5 6
First Element:  1
Last Element:  6
Slice Tuple (index 1 to 3):  (2, 3, 4)
Is 3 in the tuple?  True
Is 10 in the tuple?  False
Length of the Tuple:  6
Index of element 3:  2
Unpacked Values:  1 2 3 4 5 6
Error: Tuples are immutable!
Concatenated Tuple:  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8)
Count of element 6:  2
Repeated Tuple:  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Nested Tuple:  (1, (2, 3), (4, 5, 6))
Access Nested Element (4): 4
Mixed Tuple:  (10, 'Python', 3.14, True)

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07. Program to demonstrate working with dictionaries in python.

Python Code

''' Working with Dictionaries '''
# 1. Creating a Dictionary
Dict = {
"name": "Vijay",
"age": 20,
"city": "Pune"
}
print("Dictionary: ", Dict)

# 2. Accessing Values
print("Name: ", Dict["name"])     # Using Key
print("Age: ", Dict.get("age"))   # Using get() method

# 3. Adding a New Key-Value Pair
Dict["profession"] = "Developer"
print("After Adding 'profession': \n", Dict)

# 4. Updating Values
Dict["age"] = 21
Dict.update({"city" : "Delhi"})   # Using update() method
print("After updating 'age' & 'city': \n", Dict)

# 5. Removing a Key-Value Pair
rem_value = Dict.pop("city")
print("After Removing 'city':\n", Dict)
print("Removed : ", rem_value)

# 6. Remove Last Item
l_item = Dict.popitem()     # Using popitem() method
print("After popitem() :\n", Dict)
print("Last Item Removed : ", l_item)

# 7. Iterating over a dictionary
print("Keys: ")
for key in Dict:
print(key, end=" ")

print("\nValues: ")
for value in Dict.values():
print(value, end=" ")

print("\nKey-Value Pairs:")
for key, value in Dict.items():
print(f"{key} : {value}")

# 8. Dictionary Length
print("Length of Dictionary: ", len(Dict))

# 9. Checking if a key Exists
print("Is 'name' in dictionary? ", "name" in Dict)
print("Is 'city' in dictionary? ", "city" in Dict)

# 10. Copy a Dictionary
Dict1 = Dict.copy()
print("New Copied Dictionary: \n", Dict1)

# 11. Clearing a Dictionary
Dict.clear()
print("After Clearing: \n", Dict)

# 12. Creating a Dictionary using dict() Constructor
new_dict = dict(country="India", state="M.P.", city="Indore", pin=452001)
print("Dictionary using dict():\n", new_dict)

# 13. Nested Dictionary
nested_dict = {
"person1" : {"name": "Sneh", "age": 20},
"person2" : {"name": "Sunny", "age": 25}
}
print("Nested Dictionary:\n", nested_dict)
print("Accessing Nested Value (person1's name): ", nested_dict["person1"]["name"])

# Dictionary with Comprehension
Dict2 = {x : x**2 for x in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}
print("Dictionary with Comprehension:\n", Dict2)

Output

Dictionary:  {'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Pune'}
Name:  Vijay
Age:  20
After Adding 'profession':
{'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Pune', 'profession': 'Developer'}
After updating 'age' & 'city':
{'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Delhi', 'profession': 'Developer'}
After Removing 'city':
{'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 21, 'profession': 'Developer'}
Removed :  Delhi
After popitem() :
{'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 21}
Last Item Removed :  ('profession', 'Developer')
Keys:
name age
Values:
Vijay 21
Key-Value Pairs:
name : Vijay
age : 21
Length of Dictionary:  2
Is 'name' in dictionary?  True
Is 'city' in dictionary?  False
New Copied Dictionary:
{'name': 'Vijay', 'age': 21}
After Clearing:
{}
Dictionary using dict():
{'country': 'India', 'state': 'M.P.', 'city': 'Indore', 'pin': 452001}
Nested Dictionary:
{'person1': {'name': 'Sneh', 'age': 20}, 'person2': {'name': 'Sunny', 'age': 25}}
Accessing Nested Value (person1's name):  Sneh
Dictionary with Comprehension:
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

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08. Program to find Largest of three numbers.

Python Code

''' Program to find Largest of three numbers '''
# Input 3 No's
num1 = float(input("Enter First Number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter Second Number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter Third Number: "))

# Largest Number
if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3:
largest = num1
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3:
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3

# Display the largest number
print("The largest number is: ", largest)

Output

Enter First Number: 55
Enter Second Number: 31
Enter Third Number: 70
The largest number is:  70.0

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09. Python program to construct the following pattern, using a nested for loop

        # 
        # # 
        # # #
        # # # #

Python Code

''' Pattern of # '''

# No. of rows for the pattern
n = 4

# Using Nested for-loop
for i in range(1, n + 1):     # Outer loop for changing the line
for j in range(i):          # Inner loop for printing # in a line
print("#", end = " ")
print()

Output

# 
# # 
# # #
# # # #

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10. Program to print prime numbers less than 20

Python Code

''' Program to print prime numbers less than 20 '''
# Function to check if a number is prime
def is_prime(num):
if num < 2:
return False
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
  return False
return True

# Printing prime no's less than 20
print("Prime numbers less than 20:")
for n in range(2, 20):
if is_prime(n):
print(n, end = " ")

Output

Prime numbers less than 20:
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 

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11. Program to define a module to find Fibonacci Numbers and import the module to another program.

Python Code : fibonacci.py

''' Fibonacci module fibonacci.py '''
def generate_fibo(n):
if n <= 0:
return []
elif n == 1:
return [0]
elif n == 2:
return [0, 1]

fib_series = [0, 1]
for i in range(2, n):
next_num = fib_series[-1] + fib_series[-2]
fib_series.append(next_num)
return fib_series

Python Code : main.py

''' import fibonacci module in main.py '''
import fibonacci

# input no. of terms
num = int(input("Enter no. of terms: "))

# Using the module function generate_fibo
fibo_sequence = fibonacci.generate_fibo(num)

# Display the Fibonacci Series
print("Fibonacci Sequence: \n", fibo_sequence)

Output

Enter no. of terms: 10
Fibonacci Sequence: 
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

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12. Program to define a module and import a specific function in that module to another program

Python Code : math_operations.py

''' math_operations.py '''
def add(a, b):
# Return the sum of two no's
return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
# Return the difference of two no's
return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
# Return the product of two no's
return a * b

def divide(a, b):
# Return the quotient of two no's
if b != 0:
return a / b
else:
return "Division by zero is not allowed!!!"

Python Code : main.py

# main.py
''' import the multiply function from the module math_operations.py '''
from math_operations import multiply

# Input two no's
num1 = int(input("Enter First No.: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter Second No.: "))

# Use the imported function
result = multiply(num1, num2)

# Display the result
print(f"The product of {num1} and {num2} is : {result}")

# print("And Addition : ", add(num1, num2))
# Gives NameError: name 'add' is not defined

Output

Enter First No.: 5
Enter Second No.: 6
The product of 5 and 6 is : 30

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13. Program that inputs a text file and prints all of the unique words in the file in alphabetical order

Python Code

''' Program to input a text file and print all of the unique words alphabetically '''
# Input the file name
file_name = input("Enter File Name (with extension): ")

lst = list()	# list for the unique sorted words

try:
# Open and read the file
with open(file_name, 'r') as file:
# Read all the text and split into words
text = file.read()
words = text.split()

# lower words
lower_words = [word.lower() for word in words]
lower_words.sort()

# display the sorted words
print("The unique words in  alphabetical order are:")
for word in lower_words:
    if word in lst:         # if element is repeated
            continue              # do nothing
    else:                     # else if element is not in the list
            lst.append(word)
            print(word)
            
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found!!")

Text File : sample.txt

Hello World
Welcome to the world of python
Python is great for programming 
Programming is fun

Output

Enter File Name (with extension): sample.txt
The unique words in  alphabetical order are:
for
fun
great
hello
is
of
programming
python
the
to
welcome
world

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14. Write a Python class to convert an integer to a roman numeral

Python Code

''' Python Class to convert an integer to a roman '''
class RomanConverter:
def int_to_roman(self, num):
if not 1 <= num <= 3999:
  return "Number Out of Range(1-3999)!"

roman_numerals = [
  (1000, 'M'), (900, 'CM'), (500, 'D'), (400, 'CD'), 
  (100, 'C'), (90, 'XC'), (50, 'L'), (40, 'XL'), (10, 'X'),
  (9, 'IX'), (5, 'V'), (4, 'IV'), (1, 'I')
]

result = ""

for value, symbol in roman_numerals:
  while num >= value:
    result += symbol
    num -= value
return result

# Input from the user
try:
print(":::Integer to Roman Conversion:::")
number = int(input("Enter an Integer: "))
print("Roman : ", RomanConverter().int_to_roman(number))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid Input!!!")

Output

:::Integer to Roman Conversion:::
Enter an Integer: 1234
Roman :  MCCXXXIV

:::Integer to Roman Conversion:::
Enter an Integer: 123
Roman :  CXXIII

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15. Write a Python class to reverse a string word by word

Python Code

''' Class to reverse a string word by word '''
class StringReverser:
def reverse_words(self, str):
return ' '.join(reversed(str.split()))

# Input from the User
input_str = input("Enter a string: ")

# Reverse the string using the class
reversed_str = StringReverser().reverse_words(input_str)
# Printing the reversed string
print(f"Reversed String: {reversed_str}")

Output

Enter a string: Welcome to the world of Python
Reversed String: Python of world the to Welcome

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